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2-2 Keith, S.B., Rasmussen, J.C., Swan, M.M., and Laux, D.P., 2003, Cracks of the world: global strike-slip fault systems and giant resource accumulations: Houston Geological Society Bulletin, March 2003, v. 45, no. 7, p. 33, 35, 37, 39, 41.
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that the Earth is encircled by subtle necklaces of interconnecting, generally latitude-parallel faults. Many major mineral and energy resource accumulations are located within or near the deeply penetrating fractures of these “cracks of the world.” Future exploration for large petroleum occurrences should emphasize the definition, regional distribution, and specific characteristics of the global crack system. Specific drill targets can be predicted by understanding the local structural setting and fluid flow pathways in lateral, as well as vertical conduits, detectable through patterns in the local geochemistry and geophysics.
2-2 Keith, S.B., Rasmussen, J.C., Swan, M.M., and Laux, D.P., 2003, Cracks of the world: global strike-slip fault systems and giant resource accumulations: Houston Geological Society Bulletin, March 2003, v. 45, no. 7, p. 33, 35, 37, 39, 41.
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that the Earth is encircled by subtle necklaces of interconnecting, generally latitude-parallel faults. Many major mineral and energy resource accumulations are located within or near the deeply penetrating fractures of these “cracks of the world.” Future exploration for large petroleum occurrences should emphasize the definition, regional distribution, and specific characteristics of the global crack system. Specific drill targets can be predicted by understanding the local structural setting and fluid flow pathways in lateral, as well as vertical conduits, detectable through patterns in the local geochemistry and geophysics.
The faults in the cracks of the world fracture system typically move in transcurrent (strike-slip) motions that are tied to plate tectonics. One of the dynamic driving forces in plate tectonics derives from revolutions about the Earth’s rotational axis. Familiar plate tectonic driving mechanisms, such as mantle convective overturn or gravitational trench-pull, become second-order driving forces that are subordinate to the Earth’s spin axis. The scale of the kinematic reference frame thus shifts from crustal plate motions to motions between spheres (that is, lithosphere-asthenosphere differential rotations).
At a more local scale, introduction of magma and hydrothermal fluids into the global “crack system” commonly is coincident with kinematic activity in the faults. Indeed, analysis of mineral and chemical fractionation patterns produced during sequential introductions of the hot fluids offers new tools for kinematic and dynamic analysis of the global-scale fracture system. Particularly important are lateral compositional patterns in the mineral zone artifacts of hydrothermal plumes. These lateral patterns reflect
motion related to the strike-slip kinematics and inject a new laterality and conceptual opportunity into exploration for commodities deposited by the ascending hydrothermal plumes. The global scale and interconnected nature of the strike-slip fault system in both continental and oceanic crustal materials first became apparent from a regional geotectonic study of Mexico.
Key words
asthenosphere. dip. faults. ferric iron. ferrous iron. fugacity. future. giant fields. global. hot spots. iron. kinematics. lithosphere. metals. oil and gas fields. oxidation. oxygen. patterns. petroleum. petroleum accumulation. petroleum exploration. plate tectonics. reservoir rocks. resources. shear. source rocks. strike-slip faults. subduction zones. transcurrent faults. transform faults. case studies. cracks. faults. global. hydrothermal conditions. kinematics. magmas. mechanism. Mexico.
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2-2 Keith, S.B., Rasmussen, J.C., Swan, M.M., and Laux, D.P., 2003, Cracks of the world: global strike-slip fault systems and giant resource accumulations: Houston Geological Society Bulletin, March 2003, v. 45, no. 7, p. 33, 35, 37, 39, 41.
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that the Earth is encircled by subtle necklaces of interconnecting, generally latitude-parallel faults. Many major mineral and energy resource accumulations are located within or near the deeply penetrating fractures of these “cracks of the world.” Future exploration for large petroleum occurrences should emphasize the definition, regional distribution, and specific characteristics of the global crack system. Specific drill targets can be predicted by understanding the local structural setting and fluid flow pathways in lateral, as well as vertical conduits, detectable through patterns in the local geochemistry and geophysics.
The faults in the cracks of the world fracture system typically move in transcurrent (strike-slip) motions that are tied to plate tectonics. One of the dynamic driving forces in plate tectonics derives from revolutions about the Earth’s rotational axis. Familiar plate tectonic driving mechanisms, such as mantle convective overturn or gravitational trench-pull, become second-order driving forces that are subordinate to the Earth’s spin axis. The scale of the kinematic reference frame thus shifts from crustal plate motions to motions between spheres (that is, lithosphere-asthenosphere differential rotations).
At a more local scale, introduction of magma and hydrothermal fluids into the global “crack system” commonly is coincident with kinematic activity in the faults. Indeed, analysis of mineral and chemical fractionation patterns produced during sequential introductions of the hot fluids offers new tools for kinematic and dynamic analysis of the global-scale fracture system. Particularly important are lateral compositional patterns in the mineral zone artifacts of hydrothermal plumes. These lateral patterns reflect
motion related to the strike-slip kinematics and inject a new laterality and conceptual opportunity into exploration for commodities deposited by the ascending hydrothermal plumes. The global scale and interconnected nature of the strike-slip fault system in both continental and oceanic crustal materials first became apparent from a regional geotectonic study of Mexico.
Key words
asthenosphere. dip. faults. ferric iron. ferrous iron. fugacity. future. giant fields. global. hot spots. iron. kinematics. lithosphere. metals. oil and gas fields. oxidation. oxygen. patterns. petroleum. petroleum accumulation. petroleum exploration. plate tectonics. reservoir rocks. resources. shear. source rocks. strike-slip faults. subduction zones. transcurrent faults. transform faults. case studies. cracks. faults. global. hydrothermal conditions. kinematics. magmas. mechanism. Mexico.
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